Nke a bụ mmalite nke ụzọ nnwale:
1. Nleba anya teknụzụ maka inorganic mmetọ
Nnyocha mmetọ mmiri na-amalite site na Hg, Cd, cyanide, phenol, Cr6+, wdg, na ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-atụ site na spectrophotometry. Ka ọrụ nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na-emiwanyewanye elu na ọrụ nlekota oru na-aga n'ihu na-agbasawanye, nghọta na izi ezi nke ụzọ nyocha spectrophotometric enweghị ike imezu ihe achọrọ maka njikwa gburugburu ebe obibi. Ya mere, ngwa na ụzọ nyocha dị iche iche dị elu na nke nwere mmetụta siri ike emepụtala ngwa ngwa.
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1.Atomic absorption na atomic fluorescence ụzọ
Atọmịk ire ọkụ, absorption hydride atomic, na graphite ọkụ atomịk absorption ka emebela nke ọma, ma nwee ike ikpebi ọtụtụ ihe nchara nchara na mmiri.
Ngwa atomic fluorescence emepụtara na obodo m nwere ike tụọ ogige nke ihe asatọ, As, Sb, Bi, Ge, Sn, Se, Te, na Pb, n'ime mmiri. Nyocha nke ihe ndị a na-emetụta hydride nwere mmetụta dị elu na nke ziri ezi na nnyonye anya matrix dị ala.
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2. Plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES)
Plasma emission spectrometry etolitela ngwa ngwa n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya ma ejiri ya mee mkpebi n'otu oge nke ihe matriks dị na mmiri dị ọcha, ọla na ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri mkpofu, yana ọtụtụ ihe dị n'omume ndu. Nghọta ya na izi ezi ya dabara na usoro nnabata ọkụ ọkụ, yana ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Otu ntụtụ nwere ike tụọ 10 ruo 30 ọcha n'otu oge.
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3. Plasma emission spectrometry mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)
Usoro ICP-MS bụ usoro nyocha nke uka na-eji ICP dị ka isi iyi ionization. Mmetụta ya bụ iwu 2 ruo 3 dị elu karịa usoro ICP-AES. Karịsịa mgbe a na-atụ ihe ndị nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu karịa 100, mmetụta ya dị elu karịa oke nchọta. Dị ala. Japan edepụtala usoro ICP-MS dị ka usoro nyocha ọkọlọtọ maka mkpebi nke Cr6+, Cu, Pb, na Cd na mmiri. ;
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4. Ion chromatography
Ion chromatography bụ teknụzụ ọhụrụ maka ikewapụta na tụọ anions na cations na mmiri. Usoro nwere ezigbo selectivity na uche. Enwere ike tụọ ọtụtụ ihe n'otu oge na otu nhọrọ. Enwere ike iji ihe nchọpụta conductivity na kọlụm nkewa nke anion iji chọpụta F-, Cl-, Br-, SO32-, SO42-, H2PO4-, NO3-; Enwere ike iji kọlụm nkewa nkewa mee ihe iji chọpụta NH4 +, K+, Na +, Ca2+, Mg2+, wdg, na-eji electrochemistry Onye nchọpụta nwere ike ịlele I-, S2-, CN- na ụfọdụ ogige organic.
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5. Spectrophotometry na nkà na ụzụ nyocha injection
Ọmụmụ nke ụfọdụ mmeghachi omume chromogenic dị oke mmetụta na oke nhọrọ maka mkpebi spectrophotometric nke ion ọla na ion ndị na-abụghị metal ka na-adọta uche. Spectrophotometry nwere oke oke na nleba anya oge niile. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na ijikọta ụzọ ndị a na eruba injection technology nwere ike iwekota ọtụtụ chemical arụmọrụ dị ka distillation, mmịpụta, na-agbakwụnye dị iche iche reagents, mgbe niile olu agba mmepe na nha. Ọ bụ teknụzụ nyocha ụlọ nyocha akpaka ma ejiri ya mee ihe na ụlọ nyocha. A na-eji ya n'ọtụtụ ebe na ntanetị nleba anya akpaaka maka ịdị mma mmiri. Ọ nwere uru nke obere nlele, nkenke dị elu, ọsọ nyocha ngwa ngwa, na ịchekwa reagents, wdg, nke nwere ike ịtọhapụ ndị ọrụ n'ọrụ anụ ahụ siri ike, dị ka nha NO3-, NO2-, NH4+, F-, CroO42-, Ca2+, wdg na mma mmiri. Teknụzụ ịgba ọgwụ ike dị. Onye nchọta ahụ nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị iji spectrophotometry, kamakwa nnabata atomic, ion selective electrodes, wdg.
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6. Valence na ụdị nyocha
Ndị na-emetọ ihe na-adị n'ụdị dị iche iche na gburugburu mmiri, na nsi ha na-emetụta gburugburu ebe obibi mmiri na ụmụ mmadụ dịkwa nnọọ iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Cr6+ na-egbu egbu karịa Cr3+, As3+ na-egbu egbu karịa As5+, na HgCl2 na-egbu egbu karịa HgS. Ụkpụrụ ịdị mma mmiri na nleba anya na-ekpebi mkpebi nke mercury na alkyl mercury, chromium hexavalent na ngụkọta chromium, Fe3+ na Fe2+, NH4+-N, NO2-N na NO3-N. Ụfọdụ ọrụ na-akọwapụtakwa ọnọdụ nzacha. na ngụkọta ego nha, wdg Na nyocha gburugburu ebe obibi, iji ghọta usoro mmetọ na iwu ịkwaga na mgbanwe mgbanwe, ọ bụghị naanị na ọ dị mkpa iji mụọ ma nyochaa steeti valence adsorption na steeti mgbagwoju anya nke inorganic bekee, kamakwa iji mụọ oxidation ha. na mbelata nke gburugburu ebe obibi (dị ka nitrosation nke ogige nwere nitrogen). , nitrification ma ọ bụ denitrification, wdg) na methylation nke ndu na okwu ndị ọzọ. Ọla dị arọ nke dị n'ụdị organic, dị ka alkyl lead, tin alkyl, wdg, na-enweta nlebara anya dị ukwuu ugbu a site n'aka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi. Karịsịa, ka e depụtasịrị tin triphenyl, tin tributyl, wdg dị ka ndị na-akpaghasị usoro endocrine, nleba anya nke teknụzụ dị arọ nke organic na-etolite ngwa ngwa.
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2. Nleba anya nkà na ụzụ maka organic pollutants
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1. Nleba anya nke ihe ndị na-eri oxygen na-eri
Enwere ọtụtụ ihe ngosi zuru oke nke na-egosipụta mmetọ nke mmiri site na ikuku oxygen na-eri ihe ndị dị ndụ, dị ka permanganate index, CODCR, BOD5 (gụnyere ihe ndị na-ebelata inorganic dị ka sulfide, NH4 + -N, NO2-N na NO3-N), ngụkọta organic okwu carbon (TOC), ngụkọta oxygen oriri (TOD). A na-ejikarị ihe ngosi ndị a iji chịkwaa mmetụta ọgwụgwọ mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri ma nyochaa ogo mmiri dị n'elu. Ihe ngosi ndị a nwere njikọ ụfọdụ na ibe ha, mana nkọwa anụ ahụ ha dị iche na ọ siri ike dochie ibe ha. N'ihi na ihe mejupụtara nke ihe ndị na-eri oxygen na-adịgasị iche na ịdị mma mmiri, a naghị edozi njikọ a, ma dịgasị iche iche. Teknụzụ nleba anya maka ihe ngosi ndị a etoola, mana ndị mmadụ ka na-enyocha teknụzụ nyocha nke nwere ike ịdị ngwa ngwa, dị mfe, na-echekwa oge, yana ọnụ ahịa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mita COD ngwa ngwa na ihe mmetụta microbial ngwa ngwa BOD mita adịlarị n'ọrụ.
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2. Teknụzụ nleba anya ụdị mmetọ Organic
Nleba anya nke ihe ndị na-emetọ organic na-amalitekarị site na nlekota nke ụdị mmetọ organic. N'ihi na akụrụngwa dị mfe, ọ dị mfe ime na ụlọ nyocha izugbe. N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ bụrụ na a na-ahụ nnukwu nsogbu na nlekota oru, enwere ike imekwu nchọpụta na nyocha nke ụfọdụ ụdị ihe ndị dị ndụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe ị na-enyocha adsorbable halogenated hydrocarbons (AOX) ma chọpụta na AOX karịrị ọkọlọtọ, anyị nwere ike iji GC-ECD maka nyocha ọzọ iji mụọ nke ogige hydrocarbon halogenated na-emetọ, otú ha si na-egbu egbu, ebe mmetọ si abịa, wdg. . Organic mmetọ udi otu nlekota ihe na-agụnye: mgbanwe phenols, nitrobenzene, anilines, ịnweta mmanụ, adsorbable hydrocarbons, wdg Standard analytic ụzọ dị maka ndị a oru ngo.
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3. Nyocha nke organic pollutants
Enwere ike ikewa nyocha ihe na-emetọ ihe n'ime VOC, nyocha S-VOC na nyocha nke ogige ndị akọwapụtara. A na-eji usoro nkewa na ọnyà GC-MS tụọ ogige organic na-agbanwe agbanwe (VOCs), na mmịpụta mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ mmịpụta micro-solid-phase GC-MS ka a na-eji tụọ ogige organic na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe (S-VOCs), nke. bụ nyocha nke sara mbara. Jiri gas chromatography kewapụ, jiri ire ọkụ ionization detector (FID), electric catch detector (ECD), nitrogen phosphorus detector (NPD), photoionization detector (PID), wdg iji chọpụta dị iche iche organic mmetọ; jiri Chromatography nke mmiri mmiri (HPLC), onye na-achọpụta ultraviolet (UV) ma ọ bụ onye na-achọpụta fluorescence (RF) iji chọpụta polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, acid esters, phenols, wdg.
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4. Nleba anya na-akpaghị aka na teknụzụ nlekota oke ikuku
Environmental mmiri àgwà akpaka nlekota usoro bụ ukwuu n'ime ot nlekota ihe, dị ka mmiri okpomọkụ, agba, ịta, etisasịwo oxygen, pH, conductivity, permanganate index, CODCR, ngụkọta nitrogen, mkpokọta phosphorus, amonia nitrogen, wdg mba anyị na-eguzobe akpaka mmiri. Usoro nlekota nke ọma na ụfọdụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke mmiri na-achịkwa nke mba na-ebipụta akụkọ àgwà mmiri kwa izu na mgbasa ozi, nke dị oke mkpa iji kwalite nchebe mma mmiri.
N'ime oge "atụmatụ afọ ise nke itoolu" na "atụmatụ afọ ise nke iri", obodo m ga-achịkwa ma belata mkpokọta CODCr, mmanụ ịnweta mmanụ, cyanide, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, chromium (VI), na ụzọ, ma nwee ike ịgafe ọtụtụ atụmatụ afọ ise. Naanị site n'ịgba mbọ dị ukwuu iji belata mkpokọta mpụta n'okpuru ikike gburugburu ebe obibi mmiri ka anyị nwere ike imeziwanye gburugburu mmiri mmiri ma weta ya n'ọnọdụ dị mma. Ya mere, a na-achọrọ ụlọ ọrụ buru ibu na-emerụ emerụ iji guzobe ebe a na-ahụ maka nsị mmiri na ọwa mmiri na-asọ asọ, wụnye mita mmiri na-asọ asọ na ngwa nleba anya n'ịntanetị dị ka CODCR, amonia, mmanụ ịnweta, na pH iji nweta nlekota oge nke mmiri na-asọ asọ na ụlọ ọrụ. itinye uche na-emetọ ihe. ma chọpụta mkpokọta ihe mmetọ ewepụtara.
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5 Nleba anya ngwa ngwa maka ihe mberede mmetọ mmiri
Ọtụtụ puku ihe mberede mmetọ buru ibu na nke nta na-eme kwa afọ, nke na-abụghị nanị na-emebi gburugburu ebe obibi na gburugburu ebe obibi, kamakwa na-eyi ndụ mmadụ egwu na nchekwa ihe onwunwe na nkwụsi ike ọha mmadụ (dị ka ekwuru n'elu). Ụzọ maka ịchọpụta ihe mberede nke ihe mberede mmetọ gụnyere:
① Usoro ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa: dị ka oxygen gbazere, mita pH, chromatograph gas, obere FTIR mita, wdg.
② tube nchọpụta ngwa ngwa na usoro akwụkwọ nchọpụta: dị ka tube nchọpụta H2S (akwụkwọ nyocha), CODCr ngwa ngwa nchọpụta tube, ígwè nchọpụta ígwè dị arọ, wdg.
③Nleba anya na saịtị - nyocha ụlọ nyocha, wdg.
Oge nzipu: Jan-11-2024
