Mkpokọta phosphorus bụ ihe dị mkpa na-egosi àgwà mmiri, nke nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na gburugburu ebe obibi nke mmiri na ahụike mmadụ. Mkpokọta phosphorus bụ otu n'ime nri ndị dị mkpa maka uto nke osisi na algae, ma ọ bụrụ na mkpokọta phosphorus dị na mmiri dị oke elu, ọ ga-eduga na eutrophication nke mmiri ahụ, mee ka mmepụta nke algae na nje bacteria dịkwuo elu, na-eme ka algal blooms. ma na-emetụta oke gburugburu ebe obibi nke ahụ mmiri. Na oge ụfọdụ, dị ka mmiri ọñụñụ na mmiri igwu mmiri, nnukwu mkpokọta phosphorus nwere ike imerụ ahụ ike mmadụ, ọkachasị ụmụ ọhụrụ na ụmụ nwanyị dị ime.
Isi mmalite nke mkpokọta phosphorus na mmiri
(1) Mmetọ ugbo
Mmetọ nke ugbo bụ n'ihi na a na-eji fatịlaịza kemịkal eme ihe nke ukwuu, na phosphorus na fatịlaịza kemịkalụ na-abanye n'ime mmiri site na mmiri ozuzo ma ọ bụ ogbugba mmiri n'ubi. Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, naanị 10% -25% nke fatịlaịza nwere ike iji osisi mee ihe, ma fọdụrụ 75%-90% fọdụrụ n'ime ala. Dịka nsonaazụ nyocha gara aga si kwuo, 24% -71% nke phosphorus dị na mmiri sitere na fatịlaịza ugbo, ya mere mmetọ nke phosphorus na mmiri bụ n'ihi mbugharị nke phosphorus na ala na mmiri. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ si kwuo, ojiji nke fatịlaịza phosphate na-abụkarị naanị 10%-20%. Iji fatịlaịza phosphate gabigara ókè ọ bụghị nanị na-akpata ịla n'iyi, kama ọ na-emekwa ka fatịlaịza phosphate gabigara ókè metọọ isi mmiri site na mmiri na-asọpụta n'elu.
(2) nsị anụ ụlọ
Ọwa mmiri dị n'ime ụlọ gụnyere nsị ụlọ ọha, nsị ụlọ obibi, na nsị nke ụlọ ọrụ na-ebuba n'ime ọwa mmiri. Isi ihe na-enweta phosphorus na nsị anụ ụlọ bụ iji ngwaahịa ịsa ahụ nwere phosphorus, nsị mmadụ, na ihe mkpofu ụlọ. Ngwaahịa ndị a na-asa ahụ na-ejikarị sodium phosphate na polysodium phosphate eme ihe, na phosphorus dị na ncha na-abanye n'ime ahụ mmiri na nsị.
(3) Mmiri mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ
Mmiri mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ bụ otu n'ime isi ihe na-ebute oke phosphorus n'ime ahụ mmiri. Mmiri mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ nwere njirimara nke itinye uche na-emerụ emerụ, ọtụtụ ụdị mmetọ, siri ike imebi, na ihe ndị dị mgbagwoju anya. Ọ bụrụ na a na-ewepụ mmiri mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ ozugbo na-enweghị ọgwụgwọ, ọ ga-eme ka mmetụta dị ukwuu na ahụ mmiri pụta. Mmetụta ọjọọ na gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụike nke ndị bi.
Ụzọ iwepụ phosphorus nsị mmiri
(1) Electrolysis
Site na ụkpụrụ nke electrolysis, ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ na mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri na-enweta mmeghachi omume mbelata na mmeghachi omume oxidation na ogwe ndị na-adịghị mma na nke dị mma, na ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ na-atụgharị n'ime ihe ndị na-adịghị emerụ ahụ iji nweta nzube nke ịdị ọcha mmiri. Usoro electrolysis nwere uru nke arụmọrụ dị elu, ngwá ọrụ dị mfe, ịrụ ọrụ dị mfe, nrụpụta dị elu nke mmepụta ihe, na mmepụta ngwá ọrụ; ọ dịghị mkpa ịgbakwunye coagulant, ndị na-ehicha ihe na kemịkalụ ndị ọzọ, na-ezere mmetụta na gburugburu ebe obibi, ma na-ebelata ụgwọ ọrụ n'otu oge ahụ. A ga-emepụta obere sludge. Otú ọ dị, usoro electrolysis kwesịrị iri ike eletrik na ihe ígwè, ọnụ ahịa ọrụ dị elu, nlekọta na nlekọta na-agbagwoju anya, na nsogbu nke iji ihe zuru ezu nke sedimenti chọrọ nyocha na ngwọta ọzọ.
(2) Electrodialysis
N'ime usoro electrodialysis, site n'omume nke eletrik eletrik dị n'èzí, anions na cations na ngwọta mmiri na-aga na anode na cathode n'otu n'otu, nke mere na ntinye ion n'etiti etiti electrode na-ebelata nke ukwuu, na ntinye ion. nso electrode na-abawanye. Ọ bụrụ na agbakwunyere akpụkpọ anụ mgbanwe ion n'etiti etiti electrode, nkewa na ntinye uche nwere ike nweta. ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke. Ihe dị iche n'etiti electrodialysis na electrolysis bụ na ọ bụ ezie na voltaji nke electrodialysis dị elu, nke dị ugbu a abụghị nnukwu, nke na-enweghị ike ịnọgide na-enwe mmeghachi omume redox na-aga n'ihu nke a chọrọ, ebe electrolysis bụ ihe dị iche. Teknụzụ Electrodialysis nwere uru nke enweghị kemịkalụ ọ bụla, akụrụngwa dị mfe na usoro mgbakọ, yana ọrụ dị mma. Otú ọ dị, e nwekwara ụfọdụ adịghị ike na-amachi ya sara mbara ngwa, dị ka elu ike oriri, elu chọrọ maka raw mmiri pretreatment, na adịghị mma ọgwụgwọ kwụsie ike.
(3) Usoro mgbasa ozi
Usoro mgbasa ozi bụ usoro nke a na-ejikọta ụfọdụ ihe ndị na-emetọ mmiri na mmiri ma dozie ya site na porous solids (adsorbents) iji wepụ ihe ndị na-emetọ mmiri na mmiri. N'ozuzu, usoro mgbasa ozi na-ekewa ụzọ atọ. Nke mbụ, adsorbent na-ejikọta ya na mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri nke mere na ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ na-ejikọta ya; nke abụọ, nkewa nke adsorbent na mmiri mkpofu; nke atọ, mweghachi ma ọ bụ mmeghari ohuru nke adsorbent. Na mgbakwunye na carbon na-arụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka adsorbent, a na-ejikwa resin synthetic macroporous adsorption resin mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na mgbasa ozi ọgwụgwọ mmiri. Usoro mgbasa ozi nwere uru nke ọrụ dị mfe, mmetụta ọgwụgwọ dị mma na ọgwụgwọ ngwa ngwa. Otú ọ dị, ọnụ ahịa ahụ dị elu, na mmetụta saturation adsorption ga-ebelata. Ọ bụrụ na a na-eji resin adsorption, a chọrọ nyocha mgbe saturation adsorption gasịrị, na mmiri mmiri na-ekpofu ihe nyocha na-esi ike ịnagide.
(4) Usoro mgbanwe ion
Usoro mgbanwe nke ion dị n'okpuru ọrụ nke mgbanwe ion, a na-agbanwe ions dị na mmiri maka phosphorus na ihe siri ike, na-ewepụkwa phosphorus site na resin mgbanwe nke anion, nke nwere ike iwepụ ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ma nwee nnukwu mmepụta nke phosphorus. Otú ọ dị, resin mgbanwe nwere adịghị mma nke nsị dị mfe na mmeghari siri ike.
(5) Usoro kristal
Mwepụ nke phosphorus site na kristal bụ ịgbakwunye ihe dị ka elu na nhazi nke phosphate na-adịghị edozi na mmiri mkpofu, na-ebibi ọnọdụ ion nke metastable na mmiri mkpofu, ma mee ka kristal phosphate dị n'elu onye na-emepụta crystallization dị ka kristal nucleus, na mgbe ahụ. kewapụ ma wepụ phosphorus. Enwere ike iji ihe ịnweta Calcium nwere calcium dị ka ihe na-eme ka kristal, dị ka nkume phosphate, ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ, slag, wdg, n'ime nke nkume phosphate na ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Ọ na-echekwa ohere ala ma dị mfe ijikwa, mana ọ nwere nnukwu pH chọrọ yana ụfọdụ ntinye calcium ion.
(6) Ala mmiri rụrụ arụ
Mwepụ phosphorus nke ala mmiri rụrụ arụ na-ejikọta uru dị na mwepụ nke phosphorus biological, mwepu site na mmiri ozuzo mmiri ozuzo, na mwepụ nke phosphorus adsorption. Ọ na-ebelata ọdịnaya nke phosphorus site na mmịnye ndu na assimilation, na mgbasa ozi nke mkpụrụ. Mwepụ nke phosphorus na-abụkarị site na ntinye mkpụrụ nke phosphorus.
Na nchịkọta, ụzọ ndị a dị n'elu nwere ike wepụ phosphorus na mmiri na-adịghị mma na ngwa ngwa, ma ha niile nwere ụfọdụ ọghọm. Ọ bụrụ na a na-eji otu n'ime ụzọ ndị ahụ naanị, ngwa ahụ n'ezie nwere ike inwe nsogbu ndị ọzọ. Ụzọ ndị a dị n'elu dabara adaba maka ọgwụgwọ ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ dị elu maka iwepụ phosphorus, yana ijikọ na mwepụ nke phosphorus biological nwere ike nweta nsonaazụ ka mma.
Ụzọ maka ikpebi mkpokọta phosphorus
1. Molybdenum-antimony anti-spectrophotometry: Ụkpụrụ nke nyocha na mkpebi siri ike nke molybdenum-antimon anti-spectrophotometry bụ: n'okpuru ọnọdụ acidic, phosphorus na mmiri samples nwere ike meghachi omume na molybdenum acid na antimony potassium tartrate n'ụdị ions na-etolite acid molybdenum. ogige. Polyacid, na ihe a nwere ike belata site na onye na-ebelata ascorbic acid iji mepụta mgbagwoju na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, nke anyị na-akpọ molybdenum blue. Mgbe ị na-eji usoro a nyochaa ihe nlele mmiri, a ga-eji ụzọ mgbari dị iche iche dịka ogo mmetọ mmiri si dị. Na mgbaze nke potassium persulfate na-na-na-emekarị iji n'omume mmiri na a ala ogo nke mmetọ, na ọ bụrụ na mmiri sample bụ nke ukwuu mmetọ, ọ ga-n'ozuzu na-apụta n'ụdị obere oxygen, elu metal salts na organic okwu. N'oge a, anyị kwesịrị iji oxidizing Stronger reagent mgbaze. Mgbe ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na izu okè, iji usoro a iji chọpụta ọdịnaya nke phosphorus na ihe nlele mmiri nwere ike ọ bụghị nanị na-ebelata oge nlekota, kamakwa inwe oke ziri ezi, ezi uche na njedebe nchọpụta dị ala. Site na ntụnyere zuru oke, nke a bụ usoro nchọpụta kachasị mma.
2. Usoro mbelata chloride Ferrous: Gwakọta ihe nlele mmiri na sulfuric acid wee kpoo ya ka ọ sie, wee tinye chloride ferrous na sulfuric acid iji belata mkpokọta phosphorus na ion phosphate. Mgbe ahụ, jiri ammonium molybdate maka mmeghachi omume agba, ma jiri colorimetry ma ọ bụ spectrophotometry tụọ nnabata iji gbakọọ mkpokọta phosphorus.
3. Igwe ọkụ dị elu mgbaze-spectrophotometry: Ghichaa ihe nlele mmiri na oke okpomọkụ iji gbanwee mkpokọta phosphorus ka ọ bụrụ ion phosphorus inorganic. Mgbe ahụ jiri ngwọta potassium dichromate acidic iji belata ion phosphate na potassium dichromate n'okpuru ọnọdụ acidic iji mepụta Cr (III) na phosphate. A tụrụ uru nnabata nke Cr (III), ma gbakọọ ọdịnaya nke phosphorus site n'usoro ọkọlọtọ.
4. Atomic fluorescence usoro: mkpokọta phosphorus dị na mmiri sample na-ebu ụzọ gbanwee ka ọ bụrụ ụdị phosphorus inorganic, wee nyochaa site na nyocha nke atomiki fluorescence iji chọpụta ọdịnaya ya.
5. Gas chromatography: A na-ekewapụta mkpokọta phosphorus n'ime ihe nlele mmiri ma chọpụta ya site na chromatography gas. A na-edozi ihe nlele mmiri ahụ nke mbụ iji wepụ ions phosphate, mgbe ahụ, a na-eji ngwakọta acetonitrile-water (9: 1) mee ihe dị ka ihe mgbaze maka mmepụta nke kọlụm nke mbụ, na n'ikpeazụ, a na-ekpebi mkpokọta phosphorus site na chromatography gas.
6. Isothermal turbidimetry: tọghata mkpokọta phosphorus na mmiri sample n'ime phosphate ions, wee tinye ihe nchekwa na Molybdovanadophosphoric Acid (MVPA) reagent meghachi omume na-etolite a odo mgbagwoju, tụọ absorbance uru na a colorimeter, na mgbe ahụ The calibration curve e ji mee ihe. iji gbakọọ mkpokọta phosphorus.
Oge nzipu: Jul-06-2023
